Abstract: We have identified specimens of the leafhopper Gypona cerea DeLong & Freytag (Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini) collected from a crop of dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linnaeus 1753) located in Canto do Buriti, Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. The damage caused to the crop included inflorescences covered with sticky exudates, presence of sooty mold, and yellowing and drying of new shoots and inflorescences. Such documentation serves as a warning about possible outbreaks of infestation in the region and the likelihood of its expansion to other cashew producing areas.

ABSTRACT: Purpose Zygomatic implants (ZI) constitute a suitable alternative for treating severe maxillary atrophy. However, a large number of complications associated with ZI have been reported in the literature. This paper presents the late complications associated with ZI during 12 years of experience in the same institution. Materials and methods All cases of ZI from 2000 to 2013 were retrospectively evaluated and the major complications relating to this type of rehabilitation were selected to report. Results The major complications found were: loss of implant, loss of osseointegration, bucco-sinusal communication, fenestration of alveolar mucosa, sinus pathology, and emergency palate fixations. Conclusion The clinical experience of the dental surgeon is critical in the success of zygomatic fixation. Furthermore, there should be careful planning of rehabilitation to reduce the rate of complications.

This paper describes the effective integration and application of a hybrid analytical survey method in order to obtain a substantive profile and resource information about a patient/client population. Integrating the Vona du Toit Model of Creative Ability, the survey is used as a primary tool for planning intervention, evaluation and planning in occupational therapy practice. The process has been used extensively in action research in practices throughout South Africa and the United Kingdom and results have shown that it allows for a more targeted and efficient provision of intervention and treatment. This paper briefly describes the development of the Analytical Survey Method and details how the procedure is implemented using the example of its application in a UK mental healthcare facility. Its contemporary relevance is highlighted in the context of healthcare challenges and the need to demonstrate efficient and effective occupational therapy provision.

ABSTRACT This study presents registers of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) occurrence to assess its spatial and temporal distribution in Brazil. We used data from collections, especially from the Southern Region, systematic collections in Rio Grande do Sul, occasional collections of caterpillars and adults in different regions of Brazil, as well as literature registers. We conclude that the introduction of H. armigera in Brazil probably occurred before October 2008. We also register that in August 2012 H. armigera was already present from the extreme southern part (Rio Grande do Sul) to the extreme northern part (Amapá) of Brazil.

A convenient, efficient and fast acetylation combining clays and ultrasound irradiation is described. Some molecules from nature or synthetic source, i.e., D-glucose, glycerol, D-mannitol and 1,2,3-triazolic derivatives such as N-glucosyl sugars and 2-substituted 1,4-naphthoquinone structures were acetylated. This kind of chemistry may be classified as eco-friendly because the reactions take a short time and the catalyst is reusable.

Las películas delgadas de carbono tipo diamante (DLC) y nitruro de boro (BN) fueron depositadas sobre sustratos de nitruro de silicio en forma de bicapa, mediante la técnica de deposición por láser pulsado (PLD). La deposición se realizó con un láser Nd: YAG con longitud de onda de 1064 nm, energía de 500 mJ por pulso, 9 ns de duración de pulso y tasa de repetición de 10 Hz. El crecimiento de la bicapa de DLC/BN se realizó en una atmósfera de argón, utilizando grafito y nitruro de boro como blancos con pureza (99,99% y 99,98%) respectivamente, la fluencia del láser se mantuvo constante en 2 J/cm² y durante el crecimiento se varió la temperatura del sustrato de 25 °C a 300 °C. El espesor fue determinado mediante perfilometría. Las películas fabricadas se caracterizaron por difracción de rayos X (XRD) y espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR); la composición química se analizó mediante espectroscopía de rayos X por dispersión de energía (EDS), el estudio morfológico superficial se llevó a cabo mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), observándose de este modo una dependencia de la morfología como función de la temperatura de depósito.

The Diamond like carbon and boron nitride (DLC/BN) bilayer thin films were deposited onto silicon and nitride silicon substrates (100), by pulsed laser deposition system (PLD). The deposition was conducted with Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The growth of bilayer was carried out under argon atmosphere, using graphite and boron nitride targets both of high purity (99.99% and 99. 98%) respectively. The laser fluence was kept constant at 2 J/cm² during deposition processes; the substrate growth temperature was varied from 25°C to 300°C. The thickness was determined with a profilometer. The films produced were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the chemical composition was analyzed via Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS). The morphological study was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), observing a morphological dependence as function of temperature deposition.

A metodologia da superfície de resposta (MSR) é uma coleção de técnicas estatísticas e matemáticas para desenvolver, melhorar e otimizar processos. Neste estudo, a técnica MSR foi aplicada na investigação do comportamento mecânico de diferentes misturas ternárias de PP/EPDM/SRT. Após a mistura apropriada em uma extrusora de dupla rosca co-rotante e a moldagem por injeção, as propriedades mecânicas (resistência à tração e a resistência ao impacto) foram determinadas e usadas como variáveis de resposta. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foi usada para investigar a morfologia das diferentes misturas e interpretar os resultados. Com ferramentas estatísticas específicas, um número mínimo de experimentos permitiu o desenvolvimento de um modelo de superfície de resposta e a otimização das concentrações dos componentes de acordo com o desempenho mecânico. Valores elevados de resistência ao impacto são alcançados (>80 J.m-1) quando, de acordo com as condições experimentais estudadas, a mistura física de PP/EPDM/SRT mantém as proporções de EPDM e SRT em torno de 25%.

The response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques for developing, improving and optimizing processes. In this study, RSM technique was applied to the investigation of the mechanical behavior of different PP/EPDM/SRT ternary mixtures. After appropriate processing in a co-rotating twin extruder and injection molding, the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and impact strength, were determined and used as response variables. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for investigating the morphology of the different blends and to interpret the results. With specific statistical tools, a minimum number of experiments allowed the response surface model to be developed and the concentrations of the components to be optimized according to the mechanical performance. High values of impact strength were reached (>80 J.m-1) when the PP/EPDM/SRT mixture had a EPDM/SRT ratio of around 25%.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o processo de seleção de equipamentos de proteção respiratória e verificar a existência de mudanças nesse processo quando o limite de exposição ocupacional de uma substância é alterado. Utilizaram-se, como base de dados, dois estudos anteriormente realizados em empresas mineradoras da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo, selecionando-se, como contaminante, a sílica cristalina devido à sua abrangência e à gravidade das doenças relacionadas à sua exposição. Os fatores de proteção atribuídos aos equipamentos fornecidos pelas empresas estudadas foram comparados com os requeridos pelas atividades e com a metodologia do programa de proteção respiratória da FUNDACENTRO. Os resultados mostraram que, até 2005, algumas empresas estavam fornecendo equipamentos inadequados e que, a partir de 2006, ano em que foi alterado o limite de exposição, todas as empresas estudadas forneciam proteção insuficiente. Concluiu-se ser oportuna a criação de um portal na internet onde a seleção dos EPIs possa ser feita, de maneira atualizada, a partir das informações fornecidas pelas empresas.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the respiratory protective device selection process and to identify changes in this process when an exposure limit value is updated. Two previous studies conducted in mining industries in the metropolitan area of São Paulo were put through the respiratory protective device selection process. The protection factors of the equipment provided by the companies were compared with the required protection factors and with the FUNDACENTRO's respiratory protection program. The results showed that until 2005, some companies were providing inadequate protection, and after the change in crystalline silica exposure limit value in 2006, all the analyzed companies were providing inadequate respirators. This study suggests that there is an opportunity to create a web portal, where the selection process can be done by the companies with updated information.

In some American countries, grapevines are affected by Pierce's disease (PD), which is caused by a particular strain of Xylella fastidiosa not yet reported in Brazil. In order to investigate the potential for PD spread in Brazil in case of pathogen introduction, we conducted a faunistic analysis of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated to vineyards in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis in the subfamily Cicadellinae (sharpshooters), which includes the main potential vectors of X. fastidiosa. Leafhopper samplings were carried out fortnightly during two years (9/2004-9/2006) in four Vitis vinifera vineyards in the municipalities of Bento Gonçalves and Farroupilha (RS). Thirtyfour leafhopper and six spittlebug species were collected, but most (98.4%) of the 3,893 specimens trapped were leafhoppers, distributed in the subfamilies Cicadellinae (60.2%), Gyponinae (34.1%), Deltocephalinae (3.8%) and Coelidinae (0.3%). The sharpshooter specimens were divided in the tribes Cicadellini (68.5%; 12 species) and Proconiini (31.5%; 11 species). Based on the faunistic indices, five species of Cicadellini, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), Dilobopterus dispar (Germar), Macugonalia cavifrons Stal, Sibovia sagata (Signoret) and Spinagonalia rubrovittata Cavichioli, and three of Proconiini, Molomea consolida (Schöder), Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) and Oncometopia fusca Melichar were prevalent in the vineyards. The high diversity of native sharpshooters in Rio Grande do Sul indicates the existence of a high risk of PD spread if the pathogen is introduced in grapevines.

A população de Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha foi estudada em pomares de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis), cafezais (Coffea arabica) e floresta estacional semidecidual com fisionomia arbustiva, em Bebedouro (SP), com o objetivo de avaliar a influencia do ecossistema natural na composição de espécies do agroecossistemas. O monitoramento foi feito com cartões adesivos amarelos, os quais foram trocados a cada 15 dias, efetuando-se a contagem e identificação dos Auchenorrhyncha coletados. Capturou-se o total de sete famílias, 11 subfamílias e 98 espécies, sendo Cicadellidae o grupo mais abundante. A floresta nativa apresentou a maior riqueza, diversidade e equitabilidade de espécies de Auchenorrhyncha, demonstrando ser mais estável que os demais habitats. Os altos valores de similaridades obtidos entre os agroecossistemas e a floresta demonstram que grande parte das espécies de cigarrinhas que está ocorrendo nos habitats agrícolas também está ocorrendo na floresta, indicando que esta pode estar funcionando como reservatório de espécies. A abundância de grupos taxonômicos de Auchenorrhyncha coletados variou nos habitats avaliados, sendo Proconiini o mais abundante no cafezal próximo à floresta, Athysanini, Scaphytopiini, Neocoelidiinae e Coelidiinae no pomar de laranja e cafezal distante da floresta; Cicadellinae e Agalliinae não se relacionaram a nenhum dos habitats. A presença de insetos vetores e possíveis vetores de doenças de plantas cultivadas nos habitats avaliados indicam a necessidade da implantação do manejo de pragas nessa área.

The population of Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha was studied in sweet citrus groves (Citrus sinensis), coffee plantations (Coffea arabica) and a semi-deciduous seasonal forest with shrub physiognomy in Bebedouro, SP, to evaluate the influence of the natural ecosystem on the species composition of the agroecosystems. Monitoring was carried out by using yellow stick cards, which were replaced every 15 days and all Auchenorrhyncha collected were counted and identified. Seven families, 11 subfamilies and 98 species were collected, with Cicadellidae being the most abundant. The native forest presented larger wealth, diversity and equitability of Auchenorrhyncha species, demonstrating to be more stable than the other habitats. The high values of similarities obtained between the agroecosystems and the forest demonstrated that great part of Auchenorrhyncha species occurring in the agricultural habitats was also occurring at the forest, indicating that the last may serve as reservoir of species. The abundance of the taxonomic groups of Auchenorrhyncha collected varied with the evaluated habitats, with Proconiini being the most abundant in the coffee plantation next to the forest, Athysanini, Scaphytopiini, Neocoelidiinae and Coelidiinae in the orange orchard and coffee plantation distant from the forest; Cicadellinae and Agalliinae were not related to any of the habitats. The presence of vector insects and possible vectors of plant diseases in the appraised habitats indicate the need of the implementation of strategies for landscape management.

Background: Methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are an important cause of nosocomial infections. Aim: To determine the genotypes of MRSA strains. Material and methods: Fifty five strains of MRSA, isolated from patients hospitalized in Hospital Base Valdivia, were studied. The phenotype was determined through MicroScan® in all strains and by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in 41. The genotype of the strains was analyzed by a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the mecA gene, amplifying eight hypervariable DNA regions associated to such gene. Results: According to MIC, 88% of strains had a pattern of resistance against multiple antimicrobial (penicillin, ampicillin, cephradine, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, ¡incomycin and erythromycin). Vancomicin resistan strains were not detected. Only 53 strains (96%) had at least one of the eight hypervariable regions and were classified as MRSA. Genotypic patterns types 15 were the most commonly detected in 38% and 34% of strains, respectively. MicroScan® erroneously classified five strains in an incorrect phenotype, according to results obtained with duplex PCR. MIC results did not differ from those of duplex PCR. Conclusions: Duplex- PCR is a useful tool to detect hyper variable regions associated to mecA gene

O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer a flutuação populacional e a constância de cicadelíneos presentes na vegetação herbácea de um pomar de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), variedade Valência, em Montenegro, RS. O levantamento foi realizado com a metodologia da rede-de-varredura, tendo início em fevereiro de 2001 e finalizando-se em janeiro de 2002. Mensalmente foram coletadas dez amostras, sendo cada uma destas composta por 50 golpes de rede em movimento de avanço sobre a vegetação herbácea e cultura intercalar nas entrelinhas do pomar (n = 500 golpes/ocasião de coleta). No total foram coletados 928 cicadelíneos, pertencentes a nove espécies: Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg, 1879), Diedrocephala variegata (Fabricius, 1775), Hortensia similis (Walker, 1851), Macugonalia leucomelas (Walker, 1851), Parathona gratiosa (Blanchard, 1840), Plesiommata corniculata Young, 1977, Sibovia sagata (Signoret, 1854), Sonesimia grossa (Signoret, 1854) e Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret, 1855). O período de maior abundância da comunidade de cicadelíneos foi durante a primavera e o verão. Hortensia similis e M. leucomelas foram as únicas espécies consideradas constantes durante o levantamento. A menor abundância dos cicadelíneos em abril e dezembro provavelmente deve-se a efeitos causados por fatores abióticos (pluviosidade) e aqueles relativos à estrutura da vegetação (altura das plantas) sobre a comunidade.

This paper aimed to study leafhopper's populational dynamics and constancy on herbaceous vegetation of a sweet orange orchard (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Valencia variety) in southern Brazil. The survey was performed with sweeping net method, from February/2001 to January/2002. Monthly, 10 samples of 50 sweeps were taken in the herbaceous vegetation between orchard's lines (n = 500 sweeps/sampling). A total of 928 individuals were collected, belonging to nine species: Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg, 1879), Diedrocephala variegata (Fabricius, 1775), Hortensia similis (Walker, 1851), Macugonalia leucomelas (Walker, 1851), Parathona gratiosa (Blanchard, 1840), Plesiommata corniculata Young, 1977, Sibovia sagata (Signoret, 1854), Sonesimia grossa (Signoret, 1854), and Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret, 1855). The highest abundance was registered in summer and spring. Hortensia similis and M. leucomelas were the only species considered constant during the survey. Leafhopper abundance was lower in the April and December, probably due to abiotic factors (rainfall) and vegetation structure (plants height) effects.

Brocossomos são corpos ultramicroscópicos, reticulados, produzidos pelos tubos de Malpighi das cigarrinhas. São geralmente esféricos (brocossomos de tegumento) ou alongados (brocossomos de ovos). Neste estudo, as espécies de Proconiini foram identificadas de acordo com seus brocossomos de ovos. As características e uma chave para a identificação dos brocossomos também foram discutidas. Os espécimes foram coletados em nove pomares de Citrus sinensis ('Valencia'), com o uso da armadilha adesiva de cor amarela. Os pomares estão localizados em sete municípios do Rio Grande do Sul: Tenente Portela, Ijuí, Jaguari, Harmonia, Taquari, Montenegro e Pelotas. Os dados foram coletados de outubro de 1999 a dezembro de 2000 e de outubro de 2001 a março de 2002. Foram identificadas sete espécies capazes de produzir brocossomos de ovos: Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Homalodisca ignorata Melichar, Molomea consolida Shröder, Molomea lineiceps Young, Molomea magna (Walker), Oncometopia facialis (Signoret), e Oncometopia fusca Melichar. Este estudo demonstra que a diversidade de brocossomos de ovos pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a identificação de espécies de Proconiini.

Brochosomes are ultramicroscopic reticulate bodies produced by the Malpighian tubules of leafhoppers. Brochosomes are usually either spherical (brochosomes-for-integument) or elongated (brochosomes-for-eggs). In this study, the Proconiini species were diagnosed according to their brochosomes-for-eggs. Brochosome-for-eggs traits and dichotomous key were also discussed. The specimens were collected in nine orchards of Citrus sinensis (Valencia orange), using yellow sticky traps. The orchards are located in seven counties in the state of Rio Grande do Sul: Tenente Portela, Ijuí, Jaguari, Harmonia, Taquari, Montenegro, and Pelotas. Data were collected from October 1999 to December 2000, and from October 2001 to March 2002. Seven species capable of producing brochosomes-for-eggs were identified: Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Homalodisca ignorata Melichar, Molomea consolida Shröder, Molomea lineiceps Young, Molomea magna (Walker), Oncometopia facialis (Signoret), and Oncometopia fusca Melichar. This study shows that the diversity among brochosomes-for-eggs was a useful tool to identify the Proconiini species.

A retrospective study by means of indirect immunofluorescence was carried out to detect IgM antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in seronegative patients for Hantavirus, with characteristics symptoms of atypical pneumonia. The final results indicate that the prevalence of C. pneumoniae reaches 8,6% and M. pneumoniae is equivalent to 17,1% of the patients studied. By this we can be aware of the importance of these agents in our media, and the necessity of having rapid laboratory techniques that allow an opportune differential diagnosis in pulmonary syndrome for Hantavirus and other pathologies that cause similar symptoms, mainly atypical pneumonia

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência e a seletividade do herbicida clethodim, em duas formulações (120 e 240 g/l), no controle de plantas daninhas na cultura da cebola. O experimento foi instalado na Fazenda Escola da UEPG, em Ponta Grossa (PR), no ano de 1998. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, constando dos tratamentos: clethodim (120 g/l + óleo mineral) nas doses de 72, 84 e 96 g i.a./ha; clethodim (240 g/l) na dose de 84 g i.a./ha adicionado de 1,0 l/ha de óleo mineral (Assist); testemunha capinada e testemunha sem capina. A cultivar de cebola utilizada foi Baia Periforme e as plantas daninhas predominantes no experimento foram Brachiaria plantaginea (capim-papuã), Digitaria horizontalis (capim-milhã) e Eleusine indica (capim pé-de-galinha). As avaliações de controle e de fitotoxicidade foram efetuadas aos 7, 14, 28 e 42 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAA) onde verificou-se que o clethodim (120 g/l) nas doses de 84 e 96 g i.a./ha foi igualmente eficiente ao clethodim (240 g/l) no controle sobre Brachiaria plantaginea, Digitaria horizontalis e Eleusine indica; esses tratamentos mostraram produção similar e superior à verificada para a testemunha sem capina e causaram leve redução no porte das plantas de cebola aos 7 dias após sua aplicação, o que não foi mais observado nas avaliações posteriores.

This study had the purpose of evaluating the efficiency and selectivity of the herbicide clethodim, in two formulations (120 and 240 g/l) for weed control in onion crop. The experiment was realized at the University of Ponta Grossa, in Brazil, in 1998. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with four replicates. The following treatments were evaluated: clethodim (120 g/L + mineral oil) using doses of 72, 84 and 96 g i.a./ha; clethodim (240 g/L) with 84 g i.a./ha added with 1.0 L/ha of mineral oil; weed free and weedy. The onion cultivar used was Baia Periforme and the following weeds were prevailing: Brachiaria plantaginea (capim-papuã), Digitaria horizontalis (capim-milhã) and Eleusine indica (capim-pé-de-galinha). Evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after treatments applications when it was observed that clethodim (120 g/L) at the doses 84 and 96 g i.a./ha and clethodim (240 g/L) were similar and showed efficient control to Brachiaria plantaginea, Digitaria horizontalis and Eleusine indica; these treatments caused a slight reduction of plants height at 7 days after application but later on it was no more observed. The production from these treatments was similar among them; however they were superior when compared to control without weeding.